Cytokines, infections, stress, and dysphoric moods in breastfeeders and formula feeders.

Differences between exclusive breastfeeders, formula-feeders, and controls: a study of stress, mood, and endocrine variables.

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among lactational status, naturalistic stress, mood, and levels of serum cortisol and prolactin and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Eighty-four exclusively breastfeeding, 99 exclusively formula-feeding, and 33 nonpostpartum healthy control women were studied. The postpartum mothers were studied cross-sectionally once between 4 an...

COMPARISON OF PERCEIVED STRESS, COPING STRATEGIES AND SOCIAL SUPPORT BETWEEN GIRL STUDENTS WITH PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS), PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER (PMDD) AND NORMAL GROUP

Background & Aim: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) consists of physiological, cognitive and behavioral changes that periodically occur in luteal phase of menstrual in women. It is defined as premenstrual dysphoric disorder if it leads to a disruption in family, social and work activities.  Material & Methods: In order to comparison of perceived stress, coping strategy, and social support between gir...

Relationship between dysphoric moods, risk-taking behaviors, and Toxoplasma gondii antibody titers in female veterans

Understanding women's interpretations of infant formula advertising.

BACKGROUND Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and continued breastfeeding for at least 1 year is recommended by all major health organizations. Whereas 74.6 percent of mothers initiate breastfeeding at birth, exclusivity and duration remain significantly lower than national goals. Empirical evidence suggests that exposure to infant formula marketing contributes to supplementation and prematur...

Relation between rumination and impaired memory in dysphoric moods.

College students in dysphoric or nondysphoric moods studied pairs of words and later took a fragment-completion test of memory for targets from the pairs (under process-dissociation procedures for obtaining estimates of controlled and automatic retrieval; L. L. Jacoby, 1996). Between the study and test phases, some participants waited quietly for 7 min; others rated self-focused materials desig...